The forklift battery is part of the lead-acid battery type. The open-dry type is used to cause oxides and sulfides on the surface of the metal as time increases, resulting in higher lead hardness and less storage. This phenomenon is vulcanization.

    There are also cases in which different fields are used in automobiles and marine batteries. The surface of the battery is in contact with the air to generate a reaction. The vulcanization means that the battery is placed for a long time after being discharged or insufficiently charged, and the surface of the plate gradually forms a very hard layer. The white substance - crude crystalline lead sulfate, which is different from the finely crystalline lead sulfate formed during discharge.

    Self-discharge refers to the self-consumption of internal electricity in lead-acid batteries. It is generally considered that the capacity per day and night drops by no more than 2%, which is considered normal. Because the lead-acid battery itself has the disadvantage of self-discharge, if the capacity per day and night drops by more than 2%, it is There are faults, the main reasons for self-discharge are: the material is not pure in production (such as excessive bismuth or other harmful impurities), the electrolyte contains harmful impurities (iron, manganese, arsenic, copper, etc.), the positive and negative plates are vulcanized. The pores of the rear pole separator are blocked, which leads to an increase in the internal resistance of the lead-acid battery, which causes the self-discharge of the lead-acid battery. Therefore, the electrolyte must be special sulfuric acid, and the water must be distilled water or deionized water.

    Plate vulcanization: The term "vulcanization" refers to the formation of lead sulfate in the form of white coarse crystals formed by the formation of irreversible lead sulfate on the positive and negative plates. Such crystals are difficult to eliminate during normal charging, and the degree of vulcanization is greatly related to the capacity of lead-acid batteries. The more severe the vulcanization, the less the capacitance, until the end of scrap, the factors of plate vulcanization are many, mainly lead acid The storage time of the battery is too long, because the sulfuric acid is present on the surface of the active material during the chemical conversion treatment, which causes the lead sulfate on the surface of the active material to lose ionization after aging. The lead-acid battery is in a discharge state when it is placed on hold, and the battery is not charged in time after discharge. If the electrolyte density is too high or impure, the surface of the active material in the positive and negative plates may not be vulcanized. Therefore, vulcanization is the main cause of failure of the active material of the plate.